Learn Basic Structure Of Computer

Hello friends, I welcome all of you in the Programming. Today we are going to learn about the basic structure of the computer.

Computer : 

A computer can be defined as a fast electronic calculating machine that accepts the (data) digitized input information process as per the list of internally stored instructions and produces the resulting information.

List of instructions are called programs & internal storage is called computer
memory.

The different types of computers are:-

Personal computers:- 

This is the most common type found in homes, schools, Business offices, etc. It is the most common type of desktop computers with processing and storage units along with various input and output devices.

1. FlowChart
2. Operators
3. Conditions Statements

Notebook computers:- 

These are compact and portable versions of PC.

Work stations:- 

These have high-resolution input/output, graphics Capability, but with the same dimensions as that of desktop computers. These are used in engineering applications of interactive design work.

Supercomputers:- 

These are used for large scale numerical calculations
required in applications like weather, forecasting, etc.

Functional unit:-

A computer consists of five functionally independent main parts input, in output, memory, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and control unit.

Input Unit:-

All those devices which are used to input data into the computer system called input device and this unit are called input unit.
The input unit is used to send data to the computer.
The main tools are Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Optical Mark and Light Pen, etc.

Output Unit:-

All those devices which are used before and after processing to view information and results permanently or temporarily called output device.
Commonly used as output are Monitor, Printer, Delineator, etc.

Memory:-

A memory unit is a unit of a computer system that stores the data inputted by the input unit before processing it on the data and during processing and after processing either permanently or temporarily.
Its function into store programs and data.
It is basically to two types
1. Primary memory
2. Secondary memory

1.Primary memory:- 

Primary memory is memory by which data, information, and programs are temporarily stored.  Primary memory is the total amount of memory installed on a computer. 
It contains the programs that are currently being run and the data the programs are operating.

2.Secondary memory:- 

It is used where large amounts of data & programs have to be stored, particularly information that is accessed infrequently.
Examples: - Magnetic disks & tapes, optical disks, floppies, etc.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):-

Most of the computer operators are executed in ALU of the processor like addition, subtraction, division, multiplication, etc. the operands are brought into the ALU from memory and stored in high-speed storage elements called a register. Then according to the instructions, the operation is performed in the required sequence.

Control unit:-

 It effectively is the nerve center that sends signals to other units and senses their states. The actual timing signals that govern the transfer of data between the input unit, processor, memory, and output unit are generated by the control unit.

Computer Hardware:-

Physical elements of the computer that we can see and touch are called Computer hardware.

Computers do not exist without hardware,Because a computer can be completed only after meeting them.

Internal Hardware:- 

Internal components that are not usually visible to us as they are present inside the computer case. 
To see them, we have to open the computer.  
The list of the internal hardware is given below-

• Motherboard
• RAM
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Hard Drive 

External Hardware:-

External components, also called peripheral components, are associated with computers from outside.  These include input and output device, whose list is given below-

• Monitor
• Mouse
• Keyboard
• Printer
• Speaker

Computer Software:-

Software is a collection of computer programs that provide instructions to the computer about what to do and how to do it. 
That is, the software acts as an interface between the user and the computer.  
It is a set of instructions, which are used to give commands to the hardware.  
Through this, we get the desired output.

There is two types of computer software-

1. System Software:- 

It consists of the default programs of the computer which handle the basic functions of the computer.  
They are responsible for controlling, integrating, and managing the individual hardware components of a computer system.  
That is, the main function of system software is to manage and control the hardware components so that the application software can do its work properly.  

2. Application Software:-

This is a software that has been developed to help users and it can perform only one specific task.  
Such software is called application software.  
This is completely different from System Software.  
Where System Software runs in the background, Application Software runs in the front end and it is also visible to the users.

Hope You understand the basics of a computer . If it helps you don't forget to Comment and Stay Connected for such Amazing post